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Orally administered acarbose-guar gum solid dispersion mitigates diabetes-induced kidney damage via modulating
Sourbh Suren Garg1,2, Rupal Dubey3, Pankaj Kumar4
1Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus can cause progressive renal injury characterised by oxidative stress, inflammation and impaired renal function. This study investigated the kidney- and cell-protective potential of acarbose-guar gum solid dispersions (AGSDs) using in vitro and in vivo diabetic models. In BHK-21 cells, AGSD-3 showed improved biocompatibility, with higher cell viability (65.54 ± 0.41%) than acarbose (56.67 ± 0.24%) and reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (7.29 ± 0.13%) at 100 µg/mL. Under high-glucose conditions, AGSD-3 significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities (p < 0.001). In diabetic rats, AGSD-3 (50 mg/kg) significantly improved renal function, reducing serum creatinine, urea and uric acid to 0.45 ± 0.02, 36.00 ± 0.96 and 2.00 ± 0.02 mg/dL, respectively, and normalised relative kidney weight. Histopathological findings further supported restoration of renal architecture. AGSD-3 enhanced renal antioxidant status, with increased SOD, catalase and GST activities, while reducing nitric oxide, xanthine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities (p < 0.001). Furthermore, AGSD-3 reduced TNF-α and IL-6 while increasing IL-10 levels. Overall, AGSD-3 exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects, supporting its potential as an improved acarbose-based formulation for diabetes-associated renal injury.
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