Regulation of Multi-State Topological Magnetism for Reconfigurable Neuromorphic Computing in Two-Dimensional...

Reconfigurable neuromorphic hardware would benefit from integrating magnetic textures with distinct dynamical and electrical responses within a controllable platform. Here, we propose a 2D VSSe/Sc₂CO₂ van der Waals heterostructure as such a platform for multistate magnetic regulation. Coordinated control of interlayer spacing and magnetic-field magnitude and direction enables phase-selective three-state conversion among skyrmion, bimeron, and ferromagnetic phases. Ferroelectric polarization reversal further provides a nonvolatile route for suppressing topological states and restoring an FM background. Principal component analysis reveals that the skyrmion-bimeron transformation is governed primarily by the competition between the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and dipole-dipole interactions under an in-plane magnetic field. In current-driven motion, skyrmions propagate at high speeds, whereas bimerons exhibit strong directional selectivity-enabling distinct computational roles in neuromorphic circuits. Crucially, their markedly different topological Hall responses (78.2 nV vs 854.5 nV) provide directly distinguishable electrical outputs for multi-level signal encoding. Leveraging these attributes, we design artificial neuron devices that support nonvolatile write/erase operations, weighted summation, and state-dependent functional reconfiguration, thereby establishing a theoretical design framework for reconfigurable topological neuromorphic devices.