A study on the fabrication and anti-adhesion performance of a medical superhemophobic surface for high-frequency...

To address blood and tissue eschar adhesion and thermal damage in high-frequency electrosurgery, a simple strategy combining dip-coating of a PDMS/TiN composite coating with nanosecond laser etching was proposed to construct a superhemophobic anti-adhesion surface on 316 L stainless steel. The resulting microgroove/nanoprotusion dual-scale structure yields a blood contact angle of (151.7 ± 1.8)°. The PDMS and TiN materials ensure thermal stability, biocompatibility, and inherently avoid risks associated with fluorinated reagents. In dynamic blood adhesion tests at 200 °C, blood droplets gradually curled up and spontaneously detached from the AHEE surface, and could be removed by a gentle airflow. The static blood eschar adhesion force decreased by approximately 99% compared with the pristine surface, and the protein adsorption amount decreased by 68.61%. In real tissue cutting experiments, tissue adhesion decreased by 82.76%, and the carbonized area and thermal damage area were reduced by 58.48% and 68.06%, respectively. Its thermal protection effect originates from the synergistic action of the PDMS insulating layer inducing premature spark discharge and the air/coating thermal barrier. In addition, the surface exhibited antibacterial rates exceeding 80% against S. aureus and E. coli, showed no cytotoxicity, and possessed good chemical and mechanical stability. This work achieves synergistic anti-adhesion, thermal protection, and antibacterial functions, offering a new design approach for electrosurgical surfaces.