Genipin-mediated dentin biomodification using nanobubble water

Genipin is a naturally derived cross-linking agent used to stabilize collagen-based biomaterials. This study evaluated dentin biomodification following intracanal application of genipin solutions prepared with Milli-Q water or nanobubble water. Bovine root canals were treated with different concentrations of genipin, and collagenase resistance, dentin discoloration, and dentin hardness were assessed. Genipin concentration significantly affected all outcomes, while the solvent significantly affected hydroxyproline levels and dentin hardness. No significant solvent-concentration interactions were detected. These findings suggest that nanobubble water may influence genipin-mediated dentin biomodification and warrant further investigation as a vehicle for intracanal genipin application.