Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 21, 2026

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect
Published on: September 22, 2023
Psychological birth trauma and breastfeeding self-efficacy: a parallel mediation model of resilience and bonding
Liting Yan1, Lingling Huang1, Shaofang Wang2
1School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Background:
Psychological birth trauma (PBT) is associated with early breastfeeding difficulties, but pathways linking PBT to reduced breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) remain underexplored.
Objectives:
To examine statistical associations among PBT, BSE, mother-infant bonding, and psychological resilience, evaluating bonding and resilience as parallel mediators.
Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 528 postpartum women recruited from a tertiary maternity hospital completed validated scales assessing PBT, BSE, bonding, and resilience. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlations and PROCESS Macro.
Results:
PBT was negatively correlated with BSE (r = -0.558), resilience (r = -0.559), and bonding (r = -0.459; all p < 0.001). Parallel mediation revealed significant indirect pathways via bonding (B = -0.070, 95% CI [-0.112, -0.026]) and resilience (B = -0.107, 95% CI [-0.166, -0.057]), with a total indirect effect of B = -0.177 (95% CI [-0.233, -0.121]). The direct association between PBT and BSE remained significant (B = -0.350, 95% CI [-0.435, -0.265]).
Conclusions:
PBT, dyadic bonding, and resilience demonstrate robust concurrent associations with initial maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. While these cross-sectional findings delineate patterns of statistical covariance rather than temporal or causal pathways, they highlight the relevance of integrating relational and intrapersonal screening into early postpartum maternal care.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Relationship with Parents: Attachment
Attachment
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
Socioemotional Development during Infancy
Primary Temperament Types
Stella Chess...
Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience
Attachment Styles

