Amyloid-Based Hydrogels as Emerging Biomaterials for Wound Healing: A Review

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process that occurs in a series of coordinated steps, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Traditional wound dressings, such as gauze and bandages, are not suitable for healing because they do not maintain moisture levels and cannot prevent infections. So, hydrogels have been recognized as advanced wound-healing materials because of their high-water content and their ability to mimic the natural ECM. Additionally, amyloid-based hydrogels have been recognized for their unique physicochemical and functional properties, which are constructed by the self-assembly of peptides into highly ordered fibrillar structures. The nanoscale fibrillar structure provides the hydrogels with high mechanical stability and viscoelasticity. The porous structure allows the movement of oxygen and nutrients, as well as the removal of waste products. They can also self-heal and be formulated in injectable forms for application to wounds with irregular surfaces. Their unique structural and functional properties make them highly effective at accelerating wound healing. This review highlights in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating the efficacy of amyloid-based hydrogels in accelerating wound healing, making them highly promising materials for advanced wound healing.