Visible-Light-Enhanced Lanthanide Heterostructure with Synergistic Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activity to...

Bacterial infections compromise wound healing and represent a growing threat in the era of rising antibiotic resistance. Herein, we developed a multifunctional platform (CN@La@B) that combines bacterial capture, membrane sensitization, visible-light-triggered antibacterial activity, and anti-inflammatory effects. The CN@La@B was prepared by immobilizing dendritic mesoporous lanthanide hydroxide [La(OH)₃] nanoparticles (La NPs) onto graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) nanosheets to form a topologically structured La(OH)₃@g-C₃N₄ (CN@La) heterostructure, followed by loading of the anti-inflammatory agent berberine. The spiky topological La NPs attached to bacterial surfaces, thereby promoting phospholipid dephosphorylation and enhancing membrane permeability. Under visible-light irradiation, electrons from g-C₃N₄ nanosheets were photoexcited to the conduction band and subsequently transferred to La NPs, enabling electron-hole separation and reactive oxygen species generation to eradicate bacteria. Meanwhile, berberine loaded onto the CN@La@B platform helped regulate the wound immune microenvironment. Collectively, both in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated that the CN@La@B killed bacteria and disrupted biofilms, while also modulating inflammation, speeding up wound closure, and supporting tissue regeneration. These findings suggest that CN@La@B is a promising multifunctional platform for infected wound treatment, based on a "flypaper-mimicked" antibacterial strategy that integrates bacterial capture, membrane sensitization, reactive oxygen species generation, and immunomodulation.