p66Shc mediates SUMO2-induced endothelial dysfunction

Sumoylation is a post-translational modification that can regulate different physiological functions. Increased sumoylation, specifically conjugation of SUMO2/3 (small ubiquitin-like modifier 2/3), is detrimental to vascular health. However, the molecular mechanism mediating this effect is poorly understood. We used cell-based assays and mass spectrometry to show that p66Shc is a direct target of SUMO2 and that SUMO2 regulates p66Shc function via lysine-81 modification. To determine the effects of SUMO2-p66ShcK81 on vascular function, we generated Shc1^K81R mice and crossbred them toLdlr^-/- mice to induce hyperlipidemia. Next, to determine p66ShcK81-SUMO2ylation-induced changes in endothelial cell signaling, we performed mass spectrometry followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Our data reveal that p66Shc mediates the effects of SUMO2 on endothelial cells. Mass spectrometry identified that SUMO2 modified lysine-81 in the unique collagen homology-2 domain of p66Shc. SUMO2ylation of p66Shc increased phosphorylation at serine-36, causing it to translocate to the mitochondria, a step critical for the oxidative function of p66Shc. Notably, sumoylation-deficient p66Shc (p66ShcK81R) was resistant to SUMO2-induced p66ShcS36 phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation. Shc1^K81R mice were resistant to endothelial dysfunction induced by SUMO2ylation and hyperlipidemia. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed multiple signaling pathways regulated by p66ShcK81-SUMO2ylation in endothelial cells, highlighting JAK-STAT as a major pathway affected by SUMO2-p66ShcK81. Collectively, our work reveals SUMO2-p66Shc signaling as a fundamental regulator of vascular endothelial function. We discovered that p66ShcK81 is an upstream modification regulating p66Shc signaling and mediates hyperlipidemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress.