Aortic Dissection Incidentally Detected on PET/CT During Evaluation for Suspected Multiple Myeloma

The identification and diagnosis of aortic dissection on PET/CT remain challenging without the use of contrast agents. Such cases are prone to misdiagnosis or being overlooked, particularly when the examination is focused on an unrelated primary clinical objective. We present a case of thoracic aortic dissection that was incidentally detected on initial PET/CT during the further evaluation of suspected multiple myeloma. The FDG-avid lesion was initially mistaken for an esophageal mass, with differential diagnoses including extramedullary plasmacytoma associated with multiple myeloma and primary esophageal neoplasm.