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Updated: Oct 25, 2026

Production and Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Mimics
Published on: April 10, 2026
Total Synthesis of Antrimycins A and D
Yoko Yasuno1, Akito Nishimura1, Yusaku Tamura1
1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka558-8585, Japan.
Abstract:
Antrimycins A and D were isolated from Streptomyces bacteria through a screening program for natural products with anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity. These compounds belong to a class of heptapeptide natural products containing four non-proteinogenic amino acids, α-(hydroxymethyl)serine, (2S,3S)-α,β-diaminobutyric acid, dehydropiperazic acid, and E-dehydroisoleucine (E-Δ-Ile). These natural products have received significant attention as drug leads to develop structurally unique antibacterial agents against M. tuberculosis. However, no total synthesis has been reported since their isolation in 1981 owing to their characteristic structural features. Herein, we report the first total synthesis of antrimycins A and D. The total synthesis features the use of an (α-phosphono)-N-Cbz-glycine ester as a synthetic equivalent of E-Δ-Ile, enabling its stereoselective construction and incorporation into the peptide chain.
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