Cone-beam computed tomographic features of macrodontic cheek teeth (premolars and molars) in guinea pigs

Macrodontia is a common dental pathology in guinea pigs and a frequent cause of malocclusion. While its clinical and radiographic features have been described, the tomographic appearance of macrodontic teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has not been previously reported. To characterise the CBCT features of macrodontic teeth in guinea pigs and to assess associated structural and alveolar changes based on retrospective analysis of clinically indicated imaging data.

CBCT datasets from 62 guinea pigs were reviewed retrospectively. Forty-two cases with at least one macrodontic tooth were included. A total of 666 cheek teeth were evaluated, including 104 teeth with structural changes characteristic of macrodontia. Premolar and molar alveoli were assessed using a four-grade scoring system, and tooth circumference measurements were obtained. Structural alterations were classified as isodense or heterodense.

Macrodontic teeth had significantly greater circumferences than non-macrodontic teeth (mean 17.70 mm vs. 15.13 mm; P < .001). Advanced alveolar remodelling (grades 2-3) was associated with 84.6% of macrodontic teeth, compared with 23.8% of non-macrodontic teeth. Loss of dental substance at occlusal margins occurred predominantly in macrodontic teeth and was associated with widening of periodontal and interdental spaces.

CBCT enables detailed three-dimensional assessment of macrodontic tooth structure, size, and periapical changes in guinea pigs, providing clinically relevant information not achievable with conventional radiography.