Agricultural waste-derived sweat sensor integrated into wettability-tunable microfluidics for noninvasive metabolic...

Wearable sweat patches allow real-time and noninvasive monitoring of metabolism through sweat biomarker analysis. However, challenges related to sweat collection efficiency and the lack of sustainable sweat sensors impede the widespread adoption of sweat analysis. Here, we report the design of a wearable sweat patch integrating an agricultural waste-derived sweat sensor for sensitive sweat uric acid (UA) and glucose (Glu) analysis and surface wettability-controlled microfluidics for efficient sweat collection. We evaluate the performance of the wearable patch for the noninvasive monitoring of UA and Glu in sweat. We also validate the usability of the wearable patch in assessing metabolic status in metabolic disorders including gout and diabetes.