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Published on: February 23, 2024
Mandibular symphysis morphology and mandibular incisor inclination across skeletal patterns: A 3-dimensional
Esra Çifçi Özkan1, Rabia Olcay1
1From the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Introduction:
This cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) study evaluated the association between mandibular symphyseal morphology and incisor inclination across diverse sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns.
Methods:
CBCT scans of 108 adults were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were classified into sagittal patterns based on the Wits appraisal and into vertical patterns according to the maxillomandibular plane angle. Linear and angular symphyseal parameters were measured along the long axis of the most anterior mandibular incisor. Relationships between these parameters and mandibular incisor inclination (IMPA) were evaluated using 1-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability.
Results:
Vertical patterns showed significant variation, whereas sagittal groups did not. Patients with hyperdivergence exhibited larger symphyseal ratios and narrower apical widths (P <0.01). IMPA correlated positively with symphyseal angle and apical width (P <0.001). A sagittal Class II relationship predicted increased IMPA (P <0.001), with no significant sagittal-by-vertical interactions (P >0.05).
Conclusions:
Mandibular symphysis morphology is primarily influenced by vertical skeletal patterns and incisor inclination, acting largely independently of sagittal variations. These findings emphasize the importance of CBCT-based individualized assessment in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
