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Updated: Oct 28, 2026

Erosion Identification in Metacarpophalangeal Joints in Rheumatoid Arthritis using High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography
Published on: October 6, 2023
Rheumatoid arthritis beyond the textbook: Asymmetric hand deformities with rare bilateral hallux manifestations
1Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India.
Abstract:
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic auto-immune disease characterised by persistent synovial inflammation, progressive joint destruction and deformity. It classically presents as a symmetrical polyarthritis involving the small joints of the hands and feet, and this symmetry remains one of its hallmark clinical features. Foot involvement is equally common and contributes significantly to disability, although it is often under-recognised in routine clinical practice. However, asymmetric deformity progression and atypical foot manifestations are rarely highlighted in the literature.
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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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