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Body Mass Index is Causally Associated with Calcific Tendinitis of the Shoulder: A Bidirectional Mendelian
Guo-Xu Zhang1, Jie Ding2, Yi-Chen Li1
1Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China.
Background:
Calcific tendinitis of the shoulder is a frequent cause of pain, yet its etiology remains uncertain. We used bidirectional Mendelian randomization to investigate whether endocrine traits and body mass index (BMI) are causally related to this condition.
Methods:
We analyzed summary statistics from European-ancestry genome-wide association studies for diabetes-related traits, thyroid disorders, overall BMI, and female-specific adult BMI. Calcific tendinitis of the shoulder data were obtained from FinnGen Release 11. Inverse-variance weighted analysis served as the primary method, with MR-Egger, weighted median, and sensitivity analyses used to assess robustness.
Results:
Genetically predicted higher overall BMI was associated with an increased risk of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder (OR 1.58 per 1-SD increase, 95% CI 1.28-1.95; P < 0.001), and a similar association was observed for female-specific adult BMI (OR 1.92 per category change, 95% CI 1.17-3.13; P = 0.009). These findings remained robust in sensitivity analyses. In contrast, no convincing evidence was found to support causal effects of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, glycemic traits, or thyroid disorders on calcific tendinitis of the shoulder.
Conclusion:
These findings support a potential causal role of higher BMI, in calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. The endocrine traits examined here were not supported as major causal determinants.