Device nanoarchitectonics with enzyme-based chemical communications: current advancements and future challenges

The application fields of enzyme-containing devices are expanding to include wearable biosensors, environmental monitoring, and biofuel cells. Achieving high performance in these areas requires precise nanoscale design and control of interfacial architectures. Optimization of the interfacial structure and chemical properties between enzymes and substrates is essential for maintaining enzyme activity, improving reaction efficiency, and enabling highly sensitive and stable signal transduction and chemical communications. Advancements in these technologies should not be pursued individually, but rather reconsidered under the unified concept of nanoarchitectonics. This review highlights recent advances in enzyme-based device development through nanoarchitectonics and tailored structural control. Integration of biological materials, particularly enzymes, with engineered nanostructures enables both top-down and bottom-up approaches, fostering innovative solutions for societal challenges. Key technologies include supramolecular biointerfaces for enzyme immobilization, redox-mediated bioelectronic communication, and signal transduction, especially in oxidoreductase-cascade types. Nanostructural strategies such as hydrogels and DNA frameworks enhance the sensitivity and efficiency of biosensors and diagnostics. Applied research demonstrates robust enzyme biosensors for healthcare and wearable monitoring, as well as sustainable devices for environmental sensing and energy conversion. Emerging efforts with organic semiconductors further connect biomolecular functions to electronic devices, advancing flexible and high-precision biodevices.