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Fecal Metabolic and Microbial Responses to Five Acute Fueling Strategies During a 60-Minute Rowing Protocol: A
1Department of Physical Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
Background/Objectives:
We compared next-morning fecal metabolic and microbial responses to five acute fueling strategies.
Methods:
Eight male recreational rowers with complete specimens from 12 crossover completers received an erythritol comparator, two carbohydrate doses, fixed carbohydrate-protein, and personalized carbohydrate-protein (P-CPS). Eighty specimens yielded 40 paired changes. Participant-blocked, period-adjusted models used restricted permutations and Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction.
Results:
No primary global test passed across-modality FDR correction: SCFAs, p = 0.0321, q = 0.0963; metabolome, q = 0.1334; microbiome, q = 0.2813. No metabolite or originally annotated genus passed its omnibus FDR family. Post hoc SILVA 138.2 reclassification retained a nonsignificant global result but identified three low-count genus-level omnibus signals. Secondary change-score contrasts indicated higher isovaleric and isobutyric post/pre fold changes under P-CPS, fixed carbohydrate-protein, and high carbohydrate than under the comparator. However, no concentration or composite-endpoint contrast remained FDR-positive in post hoc models adjusting for same-trial pre-trial values. Caproic acid evidence also weakened with expanded correction and analytical-range checks. Two metabolome-SCFA principal-component correlations survived FDR correction and persisted after exclusion of overlapping annotations.
Conclusions:
This pilot identified model-sensitive secondary chemical signals without FDR-supported global intervention effects. Baseline imbalance, unmeasured beverage osmolality and fecal water, and quantification limitations preclude attributing these signals to increased fermentation or nutritional benefit.
