Gender Differences in Sports Injuries of the Foot and Ankle
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Updated: Oct 30, 2026

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Published on: October 28, 2022
Lauren Geaney1, Marissa Jamieson2, Casey Jackson3
1Department of Orthopedic Surgery (Foot and Ankle Surgery), UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, CT, USA.
Abstract:
This article examines sex-based differences in foot and ankle injuries among female athletes, emphasizing the role of anatomic, hormonal, biomechanical, and sociocultural factors. Female athletes are disproportionately affected by ankle sprains, chronic instability, and bone stress injuries. Conditions such as relative energy deficiency in sport and the female athlete triad contribute to injury risk and long-term health consequences but remain under-recognized. This article highlights disparities in research, treatment, and outcomes, calling for improved screening, sex-specific prevention strategies, and greater inclusion of female subjects in sports medicine research to inform evidence-based care and optimize outcomes for female athletes.
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