The Role of Liver and Muscle-derived Exerkines in Cognitive Resilience
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Updated: Oct 31, 2026

Orienteering as a Tool for Cognitive Research: An Implementation Guide
Published on: November 29, 2024
Nathan R Kerr1,2, W David Arnold1,2, R Scott Rector1,3,4,5
1NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Abstract:
Exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve cognition. Exercise orchestrates a coordinated response across multiple peripheral tissues, including skeletal muscle and liver, which release circulatory factors capable of influencing neural function. This emerging framework expands our understanding from exercise-mediated adaptations within the central nervous system to body-wide adaptations that converge to promote cognitive function. SUMMARY: A review of exercise-induced secretion of circulatory factors from the skeletal muscle and liver that are capable of influencing cognition.
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