Evaluation of Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Nanohybrid Composites as Post-Endodontic Restorations in Primary Teeth - A Comparative Study

Fibre-reinforced composites (FRCs) have been introduced to improve the mechanical properties of conventional composite restorations. However, clinical evidence supporting their use in primary teeth remains limited.

To compare the clinical performance of FRCs and nanohybrid composites (NHCs) as post-endodontic restorations in primary teeth over 12 months.

A parallel-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted among 66 children aged 5-9 years requiring pulpectomy in primary molars. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups ( n = 33 each): Group A (FRC) and Group B (NHC). Standardised pulpectomy procedures were followed by placement of the respective experimental restorative materials. Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria by two calibrated examiners. Intragroup comparisons were analysed using the Friedman test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction, and intergroup comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Both groups showed comparable baseline scores ( P = 0.18), confirming homogeneity. A statistically significant decline in clinical performance was observed within both groups over time ( P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were found between FRCs and NHCs at baseline, 6 months or 12 months ( P > 0.05). Although slightly greater deterioration was noted in the NHC group, it was not significant.

Both FRCs and NHCs demonstrated comparable clinical performance over 12 months. Despite improved mechanical properties, FRCs did not show superior clinical outcomes. Restoration success appears to be multifactorial, emphasising the importance of clinical technique and case selection.