Development and validation of the multi-sport games impact scale (MSGIS) and examining spectator perceptions

This study is based on the "Multi-Sport Event Impact Scale," developed to examine the social, political, economic, environmental, and sporting impacts of multi-sport events. Multi-sport events generate wide-ranging impacts, including cultural interaction, social contribution, and economic activity, in addition to sporting benefits. This study evaluates these impacts within the framework of demographic variables.

The study included a total of 574 individuals who attended the 23rd Summer Deaflympics held in Samsun in 2017 and the 5th Islamic Solidarity Games held in Konya in 2022 as spectators. Data were collected using the "Personal Information Form" developed by the researchers and the "Multi-Sport Games Impact Scale," which consists of 30 items and 6 sub-dimensions. The demographic characteristics of the participants were summarized with frequency and percentage values, and t-tests and one-way ANOVAs were applied for group comparisons. The relationships between variables were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05.

The Multi-Sport Games Impact Scale proved to be a valid and reliable tool. Differences were found according to demographic variables; in particular, positive relationships were observed with age, social and political impacts, and negative relationships with sports and economic impacts. Overall, it was determined that multi-sport games have a significant impact on society in social, political, economic, and environmental dimensions.

Findings indicate that multi-sport games have meaningful impacts on society in social, political, economic, and environmental dimensions. Demographic factors shape the level of these impacts. Future studies conducted in different cities and sports organizations using longitudinal designs could provide more comprehensive information on the social impacts of multi-sport games.