Mechanical Elements for Improving Urban Vertical Accessibility. Analysis of Situation in Spain. Criteria to Be Considered

Many cities were founded or developed in areas with complex topography, resulting in a network of streets and squares adapted to uneven ground and slopes. This has meant that getting around presents a physical barrier for many of their residents and visitors. These barriers are also one of the main cause of the social segregation and decline suffered by many neighbourhoods located in these areas. [1] Topography is an important factor to consider in relation to the accessibility of urban space. Consequently, the search for solutions has led to a focus on vertical urban mobility infrastructure (VUMI), where accessibility and universal design are fundamental requirements. Furthermore, through these infrastructures, more sustainable mobility is promoted, based on an increase in walking and in coordination with the urban public transport system (buses, trams, metro, etc.), thus ensuring continuous accessibility along routes. [2] The VUMI form a public transport system designed to help people navigate changes in level within urban spaces and counteract the 'barrier effect' caused by uneven ground. It is also important to bear in mind the varying effectiveness and scope of the different types of VUMI, as some provide universal solutions (e.g. lifts) whilst others offer partial improvements (e.g. escalators), although these are not usable by everyone. Furthermore, their impact and integration into the urban landscape, their relevance and actual effectiveness, the feasibility of their long-term maintenance, and other factors may have a direct impact on accessibility.[3] This study has compiled a collection of success stories in Spain, analysing their different characteristics and specific circumstances, in order to identify specific indicators for this analysis and draw conclusions that enable the establishment of key factors or criteria to be considered when intervening in this type of space. [4] The results show that VUMIs improve the accessibility of urban spaces, not only for vulnerable groups but also, more broadly, by promoting a healthier lifestyle for all citizens, regardless of their individual circumstances. Furthermore, evidence suggests that these measures increase sense of belonging and improve the safety of such spaces, whilst reducing social isolation and making it easier for tourists to visit. Consequently, these systems become instruments for social cohesion, equity and a better quality of life for citizens.