Imaging and tracking of moving targets through scattering media using an optical phased array with controlled translation and acceleration

We present a high-frame-rate scattering imaging method for imaging and tracking moving targets, using an optical phased array (OPA) as a high-speed wavefront shaper and beam scanner. Our OPA-based approach combines wavefront shaping and non-inertial beam scanning for dynamic imaging. We introduce a dual-mode illumination strategy, utilizing flat-top beams for single-shot imaging and Gaussian beams for scanning, and propose an improved target-weighted adaptive Adam algorithm for wavefront correction-enabling high-quality imaging with minimal iterations. Furthermore, we implement a non-inertial scanning-based target tracking algorithm, accurately capturing target trajectories and motion states within scattering media. Experimental validation demonstrates effective imaging and tracking of targets undergoing controlled translation and acceleration, with fitted velocity and acceleration errors of up to 5.12% in the reported tests. Our results demonstrate an application of OPA modulation to dynamic scattering imaging, offering potential for high-speed acquisition and paving the way for practical applications in biomedical imaging, environmental monitoring, and remote sensing.