Glyco-engineered mannose-graphene oxide/PVA/CD hybrid coatings: a smart surface functionalization strategy for antibacterial catheter applications

Catheter-associated infections are a major clinical concern, emphasizing the need for durable antibacterial coatings on medical device surfaces. In this study, a glyco-engineered hybrid coating based on mannose-functionalized graphene oxide (MAN-GO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and carbon dots (CDs) was developed to improve surface functionality and infection resistance. The mannose modification of GO enhanced surface hydrophilicity and biological recognition, while the incorporation of carbon dots improved coating uniformity, dispersion, and stability. The composite coatings were applied onto polyurethane, PVC, and rubber substrates and characterized using FTIR, XRD, and FESEM, and detailed wettability studies, confirming successful hybrid formation and smooth surface morphology. Antibacterial studies demonstrated strong activity, with a pronounced inhibitory effect against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and substantial reduction of Staphylococcus aureus growth. Furthermore, the coatings exhibited 77.57% antibiofilm inhibition, indicating excellent resistance to bacterial colonization. The results highlight the potential of glyco-engineered MAN-GO/PVA/CD composites as promising antibacterial coatings for urinary catheters, offering a simple and effective strategy to prevent device-associated infections.