Self-compensation method for atmospheric refraction-induced deviations in satellite-to-ground one-way laser timing and positioning

This paper proposes a user self-calculation method to compensate for the timing and positioning deviations caused by atmospheric refraction in satellite-to-ground one-way laser timing and positioning systems. Using only publicly available ephemeris and meteorological data, users can independently compute and compensate for the timing and positioning deviations caused by atmospheric refraction. Simulations based on precise ephemeris and real-time measured atmospheric data demonstrate that timing deviations can reach the femtosecond level, while the positioning deviations can reach the micrometer level. Even when users are affected by initial position deviations and can't obtain real-time meteorological data, instead using meteorological data from the previous day, the timing deviation can be reduced to the picosecond level, and the positioning deviation can be reduced to the millimeter level.