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Trace elements in man.

E J Moynahan

    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
    |December 11, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Essential trace elements like zinc (Zn) are vital for human health, but dietary changes have reduced their bioavailability. Studying ancient remains can reveal the health impacts of these shifts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human nutrition
    • Trace element metabolism
    • Environmental health

    Background:

    • Most elements essential for animals are likely essential for humans, though established for only five (I, Fe, Cu, Co, Zn).
    • The link between soil element deficiency and human health is complex, unlike direct effects in grazing animals.
    • Zinc (Zn) is a highly versatile trace element with significant implications in human health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the complex relationship between soil element deficiencies and human health.
    • To highlight the importance of trace elements, particularly zinc (Zn), in human nutrition and health.
    • To discuss the toxic effects of essential element excesses and the need for balanced diets, focusing on Cu, Zn, and Fe.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of established essential elements in animal and human physiology.

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  • Discussion of the complexity of soil-to-human element transfer.
  • Analysis of the impact of modern dietary shifts on trace element bioavailability.

    • Main Results:

    • Essential elements for animals are generally essential for humans, with clinical deficiency symptoms often similar.
    • Excesses of essential elements (trace and major) can cause toxicity; balanced intake of transitional elements (Cu, Zn, Fe) is crucial.
    • Non-essential trace elements like cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) pose significant health risks.

    Conclusions:

    • Modern diets, reliant on cereals and grassland products, have decreased trace element bioavailability.
    • Studying trace metals (Zn, Cu) in skeletal and dental remains from archaeological sites can assess the health consequences of dietary changes.