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Clostridium perfringens in the environment.

J R Matches, J Liston, D Curran

    Applied Microbiology
    |October 1, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Clostridium perfringens, a bacterium, was found in Puget Sound sediments, especially near sewage outfalls. Its numbers varied in fish guts and sediments, decreasing after being ingested by fish.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental microbiology
    • Marine biology
    • Bacteriology

    Background:

    • Clostridium perfringens is an important bacterium with implications for environmental and public health.
    • Understanding its distribution in marine environments is crucial for assessing potential risks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the distribution and prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in Puget Sound.
    • To investigate the sources and environmental fate of Clostridium perfringens.

    Main Methods:

    • Samples of fish gut contents, sediments, sewage, freshwater, and soil were collected from Puget Sound and surrounding areas.
    • Clostridium perfringens populations were quantified and compared to total Clostridium populations.
    • Isolates were serologically identified, and feeding studies were conducted with fish.

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    Main Results:

    • Clostridium perfringens was most abundant in marine sediments near sewage outfalls.
    • Its proportion in total Clostridium populations varied significantly across different environments (e.g., high in sewage, low in freshwater/soil).
    • In fish, Clostridium perfringens initially increased in the gut then rapidly decreased over 120 hours.

    Conclusions:

    • Sewage outfalls are significant sources of Clostridium perfringens in Puget Sound.
    • The bacterium's presence and persistence in the marine environment are influenced by pollution levels.
    • Clostridium perfringens has a limited persistence in fish guts after ingestion.