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Heparinized styrene-butadiene-styrene elastomers.

M F Goosen, M V Sefton

    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
    |May 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new heparinized elastomer, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), shows promise as a non-clotting vascular prosthesis. Covalent heparin bonding ensures long-term thromboresistance without heparin leaching, maintaining shunt patency.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Polymer Chemistry
    • Vascular Surgery

    Background:

    • Development of non-thrombogenic vascular prostheses is crucial for cardiovascular health.
    • Existing materials often face challenges with clot formation and heparin leaching.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a novel heparinized high-strength elastomer for vascular applications.
    • To assess the thromboresistance and heparin stability of the new material.

    Main Methods:

    • Surface hydroxylated styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer was coated with a heparin/polyvinyl alcohol mixture.
    • Acetal coupling via glutaraldehyde and magnesium chloride created covalent bonds between heparin, polyvinyl alcohol, and SBS.
    • Heparin leaching was quantified using 3M saline at pH 7.4.

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  • Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) assays measured clotting potential.
  • Ex vivo arteriovenous shunt testing in rabbits evaluated thromboresistance and patency.

    • Main Results:

    • Strong adhesion was achieved between the coating and the hydroxylated SBS substrate.
    • No significant heparin leaching was detected (detection limit: 10^-5 μg/cm²/min).
    • Significantly prolonged PTT values (>1200 sec) indicated high anticoagulant activity.
    • Ex vivo testing showed sustained shunt patency for over two hours without heparin desorption.
    • The material demonstrated excellent thromboresistance in a rabbit model.

    Conclusions:

    • Surface-hydroxylated SBS heparinized by acetal coupling exhibits robust thromboresistance.
    • The anticoagulant effect is attributed to covalently bound heparin, not a soluble heparin microenvironment.
    • This heparinized elastomer is a promising candidate for non-thrombogenic vascular prostheses.