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Time-dependent phase changes in Cu-rich amalgams.

S J Marshall, G W Marshall

    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
    |May 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Copper-rich dental amalgams show reduced gamma2 phase over time. Solid-state reactions increase copper-tin compounds, enhancing amalgam performance.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Dental Materials Science

    Background:

    • Copper-rich amalgams represent a significant advancement in dental alloy formulations.
    • These advanced materials aim to improve overall performance by minimizing or eliminating the gamma2 phase.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the phase transformations in commercial dental amalgams over a six-month period.
    • To quantify the reduction or elimination of the gamma2 phase and the concurrent formation of other phases.

    Main Methods:

    • X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to study phase changes.
    • Thirteen commercial amalgams (9 blend, 4 single-particle systems) were analyzed over time (1 hour to 6 months) at 37°C.

    Main Results:

    • The gamma2 phase was detected in all tested amalgam systems initially.

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  • A reduction or complete elimination of the gamma2 phase was observed in most systems during storage.
  • An increase in copper-tin (Cu6Sn5) content correlated with gamma2 phase elimination, indicating ongoing solid-state reactions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Solid-state reactions occur in copper-rich amalgams for up to six months.
    • The observed phase changes suggest a mechanism for enhanced performance in these advanced dental materials.