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Related Experiment Videos

Newly recognized vital nitrogen cycle.

H Johnston

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |September 1, 1972
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Soil bacteria produce nitrous oxide (N2O), which forms nitric oxide (NO) in the stratosphere. This NO is crucial for the natural ozone balance, indirectly controlling UV radiation reaching Earth.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric chemistry
    • Biogeochemical cycles
    • Stratospheric science

    Background:

    • Nitrous oxide (N2O) is produced by soil and marine bacteria.
    • A fraction of stratospheric N2O is converted to nitric oxide (NO).
    • NO and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are key components of stratospheric active nitrogen oxides.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the role of soil bacteria in stratospheric ozone balance.
    • To quantify the natural source of stratospheric nitric oxide.
    • To compare natural NO emissions with potential anthropogenic sources.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on N2O and NO cycles.
    • Estimation of global nitric oxide (NO) production from natural sources.

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  • Comparison of natural NO emissions with projected emissions from supersonic transport.

    • Main Results:

    • The photochemical conversion of N2O to NO in the stratosphere is the primary source of stratospheric active nitrogen oxides.
    • These nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) are critical in the catalytic destruction of ozone.
    • Natural NO emissions are estimated between 0.26-1.2 x 10^9 kg/year.
    • Concord supersonic transport emissions are estimated at 0.37 x 10^9 kg/year, comparable to natural sources.

    Conclusions:

    • Soil bacteria indirectly regulate Earth's surface UV radiation by influencing stratospheric ozone levels.
    • The natural nitrogen cycle, specifically the N2O to NO pathway, plays a vital role in maintaining the ozone balance.
    • Anthropogenic emissions, such as from supersonic aircraft, could significantly impact this natural balance.