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Related Experiment Videos

The temporal relationship between hostility and depressed mood.

I M Blackburn, G Lyketsos, J Tsiantis

    The British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
    |June 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    In depressed patients, hostility changes predicted mood shifts, supporting cognitive depression theories. This suggests negative thoughts may precede emotional decline in major depressive disorder.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Cognitive Science

    Background:

    • Cognitive theories propose negative thoughts and attitudes underlie depression.
    • Hostility, reflecting negative self-perceptions, is a potential indicator of these cognitive processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if changes in hostility precede mood changes in depressed patients.
    • To test a cognitive model of depression by examining the temporal relationship between hostility and mood.

    Main Methods:

    • Follow-up study of 19 inpatients over 8 weeks or until discharge.
    • Utilized three depression scales and a hostility questionnaire.
    • Analyzed data using contemporaneous and cross-correlations between mood and hostility measures.

    Main Results:

    • Significant decreases in mood ratings and two hostility measures were observed over time.
    • Cross-correlations confirmed that changes in nurses' mood ratings were preceded by changes in intropunitiveness and direction of hostility.
    • Correlations with Beck and Hamilton depression scales showed non-significant support for the hypothesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Findings support the cognitive theory of depression, indicating that hostility changes can precede mood alterations.
    • Hostility measures, particularly intropunitiveness and direction of hostility, may serve as early indicators of mood changes in depression.
    • Further research with larger sample sizes and diverse depression scales is warranted.

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