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Related Experiment Videos

Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics.

J F Kerr, A H Wyllie, A R Currie

    British Journal of Cancer
    |August 1, 1972
    PubMed
    Summary

    Apoptosis, a controlled cell deletion mechanism, complements mitosis in regulating animal cell populations. This programmed process involves distinct stages of cell fragmentation and degradation, crucial for tissue homeostasis and development.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Developmental Biology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • A poorly understood mechanism of controlled cell deletion, distinct from mitosis, is proposed.
    • This process, termed apoptosis, plays a key role in regulating animal cell populations.
    • Morphological evidence suggests apoptosis is an active, programmed phenomenon.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and define the term 'apoptosis' for a recognized mechanism of controlled cell deletion.
    • To describe the morphological and mechanistic features of apoptosis.
    • To explore the involvement of apoptosis in various physiological and pathological contexts.

    Main Methods:

    • Morphological observation of cellular changes during controlled cell deletion.
    • Analysis of environmental stimuli influencing the initiation and inhibition of the process.

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  • Investigation of the two-stage structural changes involved in apoptosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Apoptosis involves nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation, followed by cell fragmentation into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies.
    • Apoptotic bodies are phagocytosed and degraded by lysosomal enzymes.
    • Apoptosis is implicated in normal cell turnover, embryonic development, and tissue involution.

    Conclusions:

    • Apoptosis is a fundamental biological process for controlled cell elimination.
    • It is essential for normal development, tissue homeostasis, and pathological processes like cancer.
    • Apoptosis can be triggered by physiological and pathological stimuli.