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Related Experiment Videos

Paratyphoid in man and cattle.

J T George, J G Wallace, H R Morrison

    British Medical Journal
    |July 22, 1972
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A dairy farm experienced a Salmonella paratyphi B outbreak, likely from contaminated stream water. This led to cow infections and human enteric fever, highlighting water safety and disease control challenges.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Epidemiology
    • Public Health Microbiology
    • Environmental Sanitation

    Background:

    • Salmonella paratyphi B, phage type Taunton, caused a widespread outbreak affecting both cattle and humans.
    • The outbreak occurred at a dairy farm and in nearby villages, indicating a potential common source of infection.
    • Previous studies have shown the link between contaminated water sources and enteric fever outbreaks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the source and transmission routes of Salmonella paratyphi B during a concurrent dairy farm and community outbreak.
    • To identify the role of environmental factors, specifically water contamination, in the spread of the pathogen.
    • To assess the effectiveness of current water treatment methods and public health interventions.

    Main Methods:

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    • Epidemiological investigation of the dairy farm and affected villages.
    • Microbiological analysis, including isolation and phage typing of Salmonella paratyphi B from environmental samples (septic tank, soil) and clinical specimens.
    • Water quality assessment of the public supply, including examination of treatment processes and potential contamination points.
    • Serological testing of individuals with suspected exposure.

    Main Results:

    • Salmonella paratyphi B, phage type Taunton, was identified as the causative agent in both cattle and human cases.
    • Contaminated stream water, receiving sewage effluent from a village with a chronic carrier, was identified as the probable source for the dairy herd.
    • The same pathogen strain was isolated from a septic tank and soil near a break in an effluent pipe, linking it to the water source for the villages.
    • Despite chlorination, the water supply was implicated in a water-borne outbreak, suggesting limitations of simple chlorination against surface water pollution.

    Conclusions:

    • The study highlights the significant risk of enteric fever transmission from contaminated water sources, even with standard water treatment.
    • Inadequate sewage management and lack of stringent controls on potential pollution sources pose a substantial public health threat.
    • There is a need for enhanced water safety measures beyond simple chlorination, particularly in areas with potential for surface water contamination and proximity to animal husbandry or sewage discharge.