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Balkan (endemic) nephropathy.

P K Austwick, R L Carter, J B Greig

    Contributions to Nephrology
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    Balkan nephropathy, a kidney disease, may be linked to mycotoxins from moldy maize. Feeding contaminated maize to rats caused kidney tubule damage, suggesting a potential cause for the human disease.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Toxicology
    • Mycology

    Background:

    • Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a chronic kidney disease affecting specific regions.
    • Its etiology remains unclear, with environmental factors suspected.
    • Previous studies noted correlations with rainfall patterns.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the potential role of mycotoxins in Balkan endemic nephropathy.
    • To experimentally induce kidney lesions using a specific fungal strain.
    • To explore the link between mycotoxin exposure and urinary tract tumors.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation of Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium from maize in an endemic area.
    • Oral administration of the isolated fungal strain to rats.
    • Histopathological examination of rat kidney tissues.

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    Main Results:

    • Rats fed contaminated maize developed lesions in proximal kidney tubules.
    • Degeneration, nuclear changes, and multinucleation were observed.
    • Prolonged exposure led to significant nuclear enlargement in tubular cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Mycotoxin exposure from contaminated maize can induce kidney damage in rats.
    • These findings support the hypothesis of mycotoxin involvement in Balkan endemic nephropathy.
    • The observed lesions may be relevant to the development of urinary tract tumors in affected humans.