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Vitamins and oral contraceptive use.

V Wynn

    Lancet (London, England)
    |March 8, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Combined pill use affects vitamin levels, raising vitamin A and lowering B2, B6, C, folic acid, and B12. This can lead to deficiencies, impacting health and potentially causing anemia.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional biochemistry
    • Pharmacology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Steroidal contraceptives, specifically the combined pill, are widely used.
    • Interactions between oral contraceptives and nutrient metabolism are of clinical significance.
    • Vitamins play crucial roles as coenzymes in numerous metabolic pathways.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the reported effects of combined oral contraceptives on vitamin levels.
    • To highlight potential biochemical and clinical consequences of these interactions.
    • To identify vitamins significantly impacted by combined pill usage.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on steroidal contraceptives and vitamin interactions.
    • Analysis of reported changes in serum vitamin levels among users.
    • Examination of biochemical and clinical data associated with vitamin depletions.

    Main Results:

    • Combined pill use is associated with increased serum vitamin A levels.
    • Significant reductions in serum levels of vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin C, folic acid, and vitamin B12 were observed.
    • Biochemical evidence of coenzyme deficiency for vitamins B2, B6, and folic acid was reported.
    • Clinical effects, including depression and impaired glucose tolerance linked to vitamin B6 deficiency, were noted.
    • Folic acid deficiency leading to megaloblastic anemia was reported in a limited number of cases (21).

    Conclusions:

    • Combined oral contraceptives significantly alter the serum levels of several essential vitamins.
    • Potential for vitamin deficiencies, particularly B6 and folic acid, warrants clinical attention.
    • Further research is needed for vitamins not sufficiently studied in relation to contraceptive use.

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