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Acute arsine posioning in two workers cleaning a clogged drain
Archives of Environmental Health
|July 1, 1979
Summary
Chemical drain cleaners reacting to release hydrogen gas can create toxic arsine gas when combined with arsenic residue. This accidental poisoning highlights the need for caution when using such cleaners in industrial settings.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Toxicology
- Environmental Chemistry
Background:
- Two chemical company workers experienced severe illness, including hemolytic anemia and renal failure, after drain cleaning.
- Initial assessments ruled out obvious sources of arsenic, antimony, or hydrogen gas exposure.
Observation:
- The workers used a drain cleaner with sodium hydroxide and aluminum chips to clear a tank previously used for arsenical herbicides.
- This mixture generated hydrogen gas, which reacted with arsenic residue to form highly toxic arsine gas (arsenic trihydride).
Findings:
- Arsine gas was detected in the drain's liquid and gas.
- Arsenic was present in the blood and urine of the affected workers and nearby colleagues.
Implications:
- Avoid using hydrogen-releasing drain cleaners in areas with potential arsenic or antimony contamination.
- Implement enhanced safety protocols, education, and screening for maintenance workers handling industrial chemicals to mitigate occupational hazards.