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Related Concept Videos

Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

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In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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3D Imaging of Soft-Tissue Samples using an X-ray Specific Staining Method and Nanoscopic Computed Tomography
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Electron microscopic x-ray microanalysis in pathology: current status.

R Yarom

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Electron microscopic X-ray microprobe analysis aids pathological investigations by revealing structure-function relationships in disease. This technique can detect early abnormalities, improving diagnoses and understanding disease progression.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pathology
    • Microscopy
    • Biomedical analysis

    Background:

    • Understanding the link between cellular structure and function is crucial in disease processes.
    • Early detection of pathological changes can significantly improve patient outcomes.
    • Current diagnostic methods may not always identify subtle, pre-morphological abnormalities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the utility of electron microscopic X-ray microprobe analysis in pathological investigations.
    • To explore the potential of this technique for understanding disease mechanisms.
    • To assess its capability for early detection of abnormalities.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing electron microscopy combined with X-ray microprobe analysis.
    • Applying the methodology to pathological samples.
    • Analyzing elemental composition and ultrastructural details.

    Main Results:

    • Electron microscopic X-ray microprobe analysis is highly suitable for pathological studies.
    • The technique offers insights into structure-function relationships in disease.
    • It can identify localized abnormalities prior to visible morphological changes.

    Conclusions:

    • This methodology facilitates a deeper understanding of disease processes.
    • It holds promise for earlier diagnoses and carrier state detection.
    • It can aid in studying cellular responses to injury and therapeutic interventions.