Incorporation of transplacental exposure into routine carcinogenicity bioassays

Theoretical and practical issues related to incorporating transplacental and neonatal exposure into routine toxicology assays for carcinogen detection are presented. In view of the many chemicals that have not been evaluated for carcinogenic potential, an integrated approach to carcinogenesis bioassay is suggested in which short-term tests to predict potential carcinogens and a combined transplacental-neonatal-conventional exposure protocol for animal studies are used.