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Recent developments in the analysis of toxic elements.

D J Lisk

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |June 14, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Achieving lower element detection limits requires addressing contamination from reagents and the environment, not just instrument sensitivity. Ultrapure reagents and clean-room techniques are crucial for accurate trace element analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Environmental Science

    Background:

    • Modern analytical instrumentation offers increasing sensitivity for element detection.
    • However, background contamination from reagents, surroundings, and sample handling can limit detection accuracy.
    • Trace elements from environmental sources like highway air and materials like plastics pose significant contamination risks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the challenges in achieving accurate trace element detection with sensitive instrumentation.
    • To emphasize the critical role of contamination control in analytical chemistry.
    • To explore strategies for improving the reliability of element detection limits.

    Main Methods:

    • Discussion of analytical methods including anodic stripping voltammetry and flameless atomic absorption.

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  • Examination of contamination sources: reagent impurities, laboratory environment (air, dust, glassware), and materials (plastics).
  • Consideration of nondestructive techniques like neutron activation and x-ray analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Instrument sensitivity is often surpassed by contamination issues in trace element analysis.
    • Smaller sample sizes exacerbate contamination problems from various sources.
    • Nondestructive methods offer advantages by avoiding contamination introduced during sample preparation (e.g., ashing).

    Conclusions:

    • Confining analysis to a single method is impractical due to evolving instrumentation.
    • Ultrapurification of reagents and implementation of "clean-room" techniques are vital for future improvements.
    • Analyst competence in operating instrumentation and evaluating data remains paramount for reliable results.