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Related Experiment Videos

The orienting response and stimulus significance: some comments.

D A Siddle

    Biological Psychology
    |June 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    This study challenges the significance hypothesis for orienting responses (ORs). It argues that stimulus change, not just significance, elicits ORs, offering a simpler explanation for individual differences.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Neuroscience
    • Cognitive Science

    Background:

    • The significance hypothesis proposes that stimulus evaluation is necessary for eliciting orienting responses (ORs) to stimulus change.
    • Bernstein's model suggests that only significant stimuli trigger ORs after stimulus mismatch detection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To challenge the sufficiency of Bernstein's significance hypothesis for explaining orienting response (OR) elicitation.
    • To re-evaluate the role of stimulus change versus stimulus significance in ORs.
    • To propose alternative explanations for individual differences in OR responsiveness.

    Main Methods:

    • Critically analyze existing data and arguments supporting the significance hypothesis.
    • Review evidence on the relationship between stimulus change and stimulus significance.

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  • Examine alternative explanations for individual differences in OR responsiveness, such as response stereotypy.

    • Main Results:

    • The data supporting the significance hypothesis are found to be non-replicable and the argument potentially tautological.
    • Individual differences in OR responsiveness are more parsimoniously explained by response stereotypy.
    • Evidence suggests an additive, rather than multiplicative, relationship between stimulus change and significance for OR elicitation.

    Conclusions:

    • The significance hypothesis, as originally formulated, is insufficient to account for OR elicitation data.
    • Stimulus change itself, alongside stimulus significance, can independently elicit ORs.
    • The concept of 'significance' may still be valuable for understanding the OR's role in information processing.