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Related Experiment Videos

Subdermal norethindrone pellets -- a method for contraception?

V Odlind, A J Moo-Young, G N Gupta

    Contraception
    |June 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study investigated norethindrone (NET) pellets for contraception. Four pellets showed initial high release but insufficient sustained levels to consistently inhibit ovulation, suggesting a need for higher doses for full contraceptive efficacy.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Pharmacology
    • Reproductive Health

    Background:

    • Subcutaneous implants are a method of long-acting reversible contraception.
    • Norethindrone (NET) is a progestin used in hormonal contraceptives.
    • Cholesterol is used as a component in some drug delivery systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the mode of action and contraceptive efficacy of compressed pellets containing 85% norethindrone (NET) and 15% cholesterol.
    • To determine plasma levels of NET, estradiol, and progesterone during subcutaneous implantation of NET pellets.
    • To assess the ovulation inhibition and release rates of NET from the implants.

    Main Methods:

    • Five healthy volunteers received four subcutaneous NET-cholesterol pellets.
    • Pellets remained in place for 200-229 days.
    Keywords:
    BiologyClinical ResearchContraceptionContraceptive Agents, Female--administraction and dosageContraceptive Agents, Female--analysisContraceptive Agents, Progestin--administraction and dosageContraceptive Agents, Progestin--analysisContraceptive Agents--administraction and dosageContraceptive Agents--analysisContraceptive ImplantsContraceptive MethodsContraceptive Methods--pharmacodynamicsEndocrine SystemEstradiol--analysisEstrogensFamily PlanningHormonesHuman VolunteersNorethindrone--administraction and dosageNorethindrone--analysisOral Contraceptives--pharmacodynamicsPhysiologyProgestational HormonesProgesterone--analysisResearch Methodology

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  • Plasma NET, estradiol, and progesterone levels were measured using radioimmunoassays.

    • Main Results:

    • Plasma NET levels were initially 1-2 ng/ml, decreasing to 0.5-1 ng/ml after two months, with day-to-day variations.
    • Calculated NET release rates ranged from 187 to 243 micrograms/day.
    • Ovulation occurred in four out of five subjects, indicating incomplete ovulation suppression.

    Conclusions:

    • The release of NET from four pellets was insufficient to consistently inhibit ovulation throughout the treatment period.
    • Higher doses, likely requiring more pellets, are necessary to achieve full contraceptive efficacy.
    • The study highlights the importance of sustained drug release for effective hormonal contraception.