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Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

The Replisome

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...

The Replisome

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 15, 2016

DNA replication and proteins that bind to DNA.

W E Masker, H Eberle

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|October 1, 1971

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Inhibiting DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli with nalidixic acid or thymine starvation, while allowing protein synthesis, reduced specific DNA-binding proteins. This suggests these proteins are crucial for DNA replication initiation and maintenance.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 15, 2016

Analyzing DNA-Protein Interactions with Streptavidin-Based Biolayer Interferometry

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Microbiology
Genetics

Background:

DNA synthesis inhibition can uncouple DNA and protein synthesis.
Certain treatments allow DNA replication to resume without concurrent protein synthesis.
Understanding the roles of DNA-binding proteins is crucial for DNA replication.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of inhibited DNA synthesis on DNA-binding proteins in Escherichia coli.
To identify specific DNA-binding proteins affected by treatments that uncouple DNA and protein synthesis.

Main Methods:

Escherichia coli 15T(-) cells were treated with nalidixic acid or thymine starvation to inhibit DNA synthesis.
Protein synthesis was permitted during the inhibition of DNA synthesis.
DNA-binding proteins were extracted and analyzed using DNA-cellulose chromatography and disc-gel electrophoresis.

Main Results:

Specific treatments led to the absence or significant reduction of one or two DNA-binding protein species.
These affected proteins were identified through their binding affinity to DNA.

Conclusions:

The study identified key DNA-binding proteins whose levels are modulated by DNA synthesis inhibition.
These findings suggest a regulatory role for these specific proteins in DNA replication initiation or maintenance in Escherichia coli.