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Attachment, positive affect, and competence in the peer group: two studies in construct validation.

E Waters, J Wippman, L A Sroufe

    Child Development
    |September 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Secure attachment in infancy is linked to positive emotions and social competence. Infants with secure attachment display more positive affect and better peer interactions later in childhood.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Psychology
    • Attachment Theory
    • Social-Emotional Development

    Background:

    • Secure attachment in infancy is crucial for healthy development.
    • Previous research has primarily focused on negative correlates of insecure attachment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the positive affective correlates of secure attachment in infancy.
    • To examine the relationship between secure infant attachment and later peer competence.

    Main Methods:

    • Study 1: Observed affective behaviors (smiling, vocalizing, affective sharing) in 18- and 24-month-old infants during free play.
    • Study 2: Assessed the relationship between infant-mother attachment quality at 15 months and social competence (personal and interpersonal) at 3.5 years using Q-sorts.

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    Main Results:

    • Securely attached infants exhibited more positive affective behaviors, including smiling and affective sharing.
    • Infant-mother attachment security at 15 months predicted higher social competence in the peer group at 3.5 years.

    Conclusions:

    • Secure attachment is associated with positive emotional expression and social adaptation.
    • Attachment security is a significant predictor of social competence, supporting its role as a key developmental construct.