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Related Experiment Videos

The sulfur cycle.

W W Kellogg, R D Cadle, E R Allen

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 11, 1972
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Human activities significantly contribute to atmospheric sulfur compounds, matching natural levels by 2000. Industrial regions experience widespread sulfur pollution due to slow removal processes, highlighting key research uncertainties.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric chemistry
    • Environmental science
    • Biogeochemical cycles

    Background:

    • The sulfur cycle is a critical biogeochemical process influencing atmospheric composition and air quality.
    • Anthropogenic emissions are increasingly impacting global sulfur budgets.
    • Understanding the balance between natural and human contributions is vital for environmental management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To model the global sulfur cycle and assess the impact of human activities.
    • To identify key uncertainties in the sulfur cycle model, particularly concerning air pollution.
    • To project future contributions of sulfur compounds to the atmosphere.

    Main Methods:

    • Development and analysis of a sulfur cycle model.
    • Quantification of natural and anthropogenic sulfur emissions.

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  • Assessment of sulfur compound conversion and removal processes.

    • Main Results:

    • By 2000, anthropogenic sulfur contributions are projected to equal natural contributions globally.
    • Industrial sulfur emissions overwhelm natural processes in localized regions, causing long-range transport of pollutants.
    • Significant uncertainties exist regarding conversion rates of sulfur gases to particles and removal efficiencies.

    Conclusions:

    • Human sulfur emissions are a major driver of atmospheric sulfur pollution, especially in industrialized areas.
    • Further research is urgently needed on sulfur conversion and deposition processes to address regional air quality issues.
    • Understanding oceanic and volcanic sources, biogenic emissions, and atmospheric circulation is crucial for a comprehensive global sulfur model.