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Serum complement levels in infancy: age related changes.

C A Davis, E H Vallota, J Forristal

    Pediatric Research
    |September 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Infant complement protein levels, including Clq and properdin, are low at birth and gradually increase towards adult ranges by 6-21 months. Clq levels correlate with IgG in older infants.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pediatric Medicine
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • The complement system is crucial for innate immunity.
    • Complement component levels in neonates and infants are not well-established.
    • Understanding these levels is vital for assessing immune function in early life.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the developmental trajectory of complement components and control proteins in infants.
    • To compare complement levels in neonates, infants, and adults.
    • To investigate the relationship between Clq, properdin, and IgG levels in infants.

    Main Methods:

    • Quantification of eight complement components and two control proteins in cord serum and infant serum (1 and 6 months).
    • Measurement of serum Clq and properdin levels in a larger cohort (271 patients, ages 1-36 months).

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  • Statistical analysis to determine mean values, standard deviations, and correlations.

    • Main Results:

    • All measured proteins were below adult levels at birth, rising by 6 months.
    • Clq and properdin levels were significantly below adult ranges in early infancy, reaching adult levels by 18-21 months.
    • Clq concentration showed higher variability; Clq levels correlated with IgG in infants aged 11 months to 3 years, but properdin did not.

    Conclusions:

    • Complement component levels mature significantly during the first year of life.
    • Specific components like Clq and properdin show delayed maturation into the second year.
    • The correlation between Clq and IgG suggests a potential interplay in immune development during infancy.