Orbital venous anatomy of the rat

Ten rats were embalmed, the veins of the head latex-injected, and the heads were dissected. Five rats were used to prepare corrosion casts of the venous structures of the head. It was found that the rat has an orbital venous plexus rather than an orbital venous sinus as seen in the mouse and hamster. The orbital venous plexus was formed by the external dorsal ophthalmic vein, the external ventral ophthalmic vein and numerous anastomoses between these veins. Of major interest was a large anastomotic vein located in the caudaldorsal area of the orbit. The anastomotic vein joined the orbital venous plexus and the superficial temporal vein.