[Idiopathic hypercalciuria due to primary decrease in the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Hypercalciuria type...

A persistent hypercalciuria and normal serum levels of calcium were measured in a 5-year-old boy suffering from recurrent macro- and microhaematuria and bilateral nephrolithiasis (stone analysis was positive for calcium-oxalate). No growth retardation or any other relevant clinical parameters concerning hypercalciuria e.g. vitamin D-intoxication or renal tubular acidosis could be observed. A slight secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased calcium excretion during fasting or calcium depleted diet indicates a primary failure of calcium reabsorption as previously described by Bordier (hypercalciuria type 2). Treatment with a combination of hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix) and sodium chloride depleted diet resulted in a long-lasting normalization of calcium excretion and thus disappearance of symptoms in the child.