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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

1.5K
This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
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¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.9K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.9K
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

2.1K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
2.1K
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:06

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

1.6K
Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
1.6K
Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect01:13

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

5.0K
Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
5.0K
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

1.6K
In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
1.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 2, 2026

Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
09:00

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Published on: April 16, 2018

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Taste responses to deuterium oxide.

I J Miller, G Mooser

    Physiology & Behavior
    |July 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Deuterium oxide (D2O) alters taste responses in rats compared to regular water (H2O). D2O solutions evoked neural signals and modified taste perception, suggesting unique solvent properties influence taste.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Sensory Science
    • Chemistry

    Background:

    • Deuterium oxide (D2O) is known to be toxic and is avoided by rats.
    • Neural responses to taste stimuli can differ based on the solvent used.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of deuterium oxide (D2O) as a solvent on taste-evoked neural responses in rats.
    • To compare neural responses to taste stimuli in D2O versus H2O.

    Main Methods:

    • Electrophysiological recordings from rat chorda tympani nerves.
    • Application of NaCl, KCl, sucrose, and quinine solutions in D2O and H2O.
    • Using both D2O and H2O as adapting/rinse solutions.

    Main Results:

    • D2O solutions elicited neural responses equivalent to 29% of 0.1 M NaCl on H2O-adapted tongues.

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    Quantitative Determination of De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis in Brown Adipose Tissue Using Deuterium Oxide
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    Using Deuterium Oxide as a Non-Invasive, Non-Lethal Tool for Assessing Body Composition and Water Consumption in Mammals
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    Quantitative Determination of De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis in Brown Adipose Tissue Using Deuterium Oxide
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  • The threshold for D2O's effect in H2O was between 25% and 50%.
  • Solutes in D2O produced greater responses than in H2O when adapted to H2O; D2O adaptation diminished responses to D2O solutes (except quinine).

    • Conclusions:

    • The solvent (D2O) itself contributes to augmented taste responses.
    • Existing theories on water's taste effects do not fully explain D2O's impact.
    • Water structure at cell membranes may underlie differential taste responses to D2O and H2O.