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[Neurosecretory system of the hypothalamus in acute and chronic heart failure]
Insights
The hypothalamohypophyseal neurosecretory system (HHNS) shows increased activity in myocardial infarction patients. In chronic heart failure, HHNS changes correlate with sympathetic nervous system activity and therapy response.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- The hypothalamohypophyseal neurosecretory system (HHNS) plays a crucial role in regulating physiological responses.
- Cardiac conditions like myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure impose significant stress on the body's regulatory systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate alterations in the HHNS in individuals deceased from myocardial infarction and chronic cardiac insufficiency.
- To correlate HHNS changes with disease severity and sympathetic nervous system activity.
Main Methods:
- Examination of the HHNS in 80 deceased patients with myocardial infarction.
- Analysis of HHNS in 50 deceased patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency.
- Assessment of sympathetic nervous system activity via diurnal catecholamine excretion.
Main Results:
- Myocardial infarction cases (80) consistently demonstrated increased HHNS functional activity.
- In decompensated infarctions, HHNS showed hypervasopressure, specific cellular changes in supraoptic nuclei, and reduced neurohypophysis secretion.
- Chronic cardiac insufficiency cases presented two HHNS variants: one mirroring decompensated infarction (high sympathetic activity), and another showing HHNS depletion (low sympathetic activity).
Conclusions:
- HHNS activity is significantly altered in myocardial infarction and chronic cardiac insufficiency.
- The observed HHNS changes in chronic heart failure are linked to sympathetic nervous system activity levels.
- HHNS depletion in chronic heart failure correlates with poor response to pathogenetic therapy, suggesting its role in disease progression.
Abstract:
The hypothalamohypophyseal neurosecretory system (HHNS) was examined in the deceased from myocardial infarctions and chronic cardiac insufficiency. All 80 cases of infarctions showed in increased functional activity of the HHNS, irrespective of the time from the beginning of the disease. If the infarction was complicated by decompensation, the HHNS was characterized by hypervasopressure accompanied by occurrence of small vacuolized cells in the supraoptical nuclei with a low secretion content and high activity of biosynthetical enzymes, and a drop of secretion in the neurohypophysis. In chronic cardiac insufficiency (50 cases) there were 2 variants of changes in the HHNS, which correlated with the level of sympathetic nervous system activity (which was vitally determined from the diurnal catecholamine excretion). With high sympathetic activity, the changes in the HHNS were identical to those in myocardial infarctions, complicated by decompensation. The low activity was associated with HHNS depletion, which correlated with patients' nonsusceptibility to pathogenetic therapy.