Related Experiment Videos
Therapy and prognosis of status convulsivus in childhood
Insights
Status epilepticus occurred in 8% of epileptic children, with mental retardation increasing risk. Diazepam is the first-choice treatment, but prognosis depends on cause, duration, and therapy effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pediatrics
- Epileptology
Background:
- Status epilepticus is a neurological emergency in children.
- Understanding its incidence, causes, and outcomes is crucial for pediatric neurology.
- Epilepsy is a common underlying condition associated with status epilepticus.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of status epilepticus in children.
- To identify risk factors and prognostic indicators for pediatric status epilepticus.
- To evaluate the efficacy of diazepam in managing status epilepticus.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of pediatric cases hospitalized for status convulsivus and epilepsy.
- Inclusion of patients with first-time epilepsy visits and those followed up as outpatients.
- Analysis of seizure types, causes, treatment, and disability outcomes.
Main Results:
- Status epilepticus occurred in 8% of epileptic children, with no gender difference.
- Mental retardation was associated with 2-3 times higher frequency of status epilepticus.
- Generalized tonic-clonic and unilateral clonic convulsions were major seizure types; epilepsy was the primary cause.
- Diazepam is the first-choice drug, with effective doses of 0.3-0.5 mg/kg, potentially increased to 1 mg/kg.
- Prognosis was influenced by cause, duration, age, and acute therapy effectiveness.
- Disability occurred in 56% of cases (43% transient, 13% permanent), with hemiplegia being most common.
Conclusions:
- Status epilepticus in children, particularly those with mental retardation, requires prompt and effective management.
- Diazepam is effective, but careful monitoring and consideration of underlying factors are essential for successful treatment.
- Significant disability rates highlight the importance of early intervention and understanding prognostic factors.
Abstract:
The record of 67 cases under 15 years of age who were hospitalized during status convulsivus from 1975 to 1978, the 348 cases who visited the hospital for the first time with epilepsy (Oct. 1977 to Sept. 1978) and the 32 cases who were hospitalized during status epilepticus from 1969 to 1974 and who are being followed up as outpatients were studied. The frequency of status epilepticus was 8% among epileptic children. There was no difference in the frequency of incidence between male and female. Patients with mental retardation, however, were revealed to have status epilepticus twice to three times more frequently as compared to cases without mental retardation. The major seizure types of status epilepticus in childhood were generalized tonic clonic convulsion and unilateral clonic convulsion. In 25% of the cases, status epilepticus was the first ictal manifestation. The major cause of status convulsivus was epilepsy, followed by encephalitis and encephalopathy, but cases due to brain tumor were rare. The drug of first choice for status convulsivus is diazepam. If there is any difficulty in controlling status convulsivus with diazepam, it may be worthwhile to consider what the problem is, causes of status convulsivus, seizure type, or basic disease of the patient. The effective dose of diazepam was within the range of 0.3--0.5 mg/kg. When the effect is not sufficient, the dose of diazepam should be increased to 1 mg/kg while watching the general condition of the patient. Factors affecting the prognosis of status convulsivus were its cause, duration, onset age and effectiveness of therapy during the acute stage. The frequency of cases who suffered disability after status epilepticus was 56%. (transient disability 43%, permanent disability 13%) The most frequent type of transient disability was hemiplegia. Most epileptic children who had repetitive status convulsivus revealed psychomotor retardation before first status. Factors which cause repetitive status seem to be hemispheric brain damage or diffuse corticocentrencephalic damage.